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Source Register

Last reviewed: July 20, 2026

This register tracks the key sources used across Multiday Running. It is not a complete bibliography for every article, but it identifies the main sources behind recurring claims about race formats, records, safety, nutrition, sleep, and gear. Article-level citations should be used for the exact wording and population behind a claim; a source in this register does not validate every statement on the site.

Key claims, their primary sources, and evidence notes
Claim AreaPrimary SourceConfidence / Notes
Multiday and timed-race formats, records, and championship contextGlobal Organization of Multi-Day UltramarathonistsHigh for GOMU-governed formats and published records
24-hour ultrarunning championship and record contextInternational Association of UltrarunnersHigh for IAU-sanctioned formats and records
Backyard ultra rules, rankings, and event formatBackyard UltraHigh for official backyard format rules
Historical ultramarathon results and rankingsDeutsche Ultramarathon-Vereinigung statistics databaseHigh for results lookup and historical context
Exercise-associated hyponatremia guidanceHew-Butler et al., 2015 consensus statementHigh for clinical consensus; not individual medical advice
Sex-performance estimates across 50–1,000 km racesZingg et al., 2014Specific to the study's fastest-finisher datasets; not a universal sex gap
Participation depth and sex-performance differences in selected ultramarathonsSenefeld et al., 2016High for the analyzed races; estimates depend on sample and participation depth
Possible long-term effects of repeated ultra-endurance runningScheer et al., 2022 narrative reviewEvidence remains incomplete; supports risk discussion, not a universal prognosis
Gut training and endurance fueling contextJeukendrup, 2017Moderate to high; individual tolerance varies
Sleep deprivation in ultra-endurance eventsGuilherme et al., 2026 systematic reviewEvidence is heterogeneous and predominantly male; race format and individual response vary
Shoe and gear specificationsDated manufacturer pages linked from each product guideHigh for listed manufacturer facts on the verification date; not independent performance testing

Corrections

If a source has moved, a record has changed, or a claim needs stronger evidence, email hello@multidayrunning.com with the page URL and suggested source.